Step 1 Leading-in （导入）用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。
He is a clever student. He is a student who is good at English. He lives in a small village. His grandfather lived there before. I know a girl who lives in the village too. Her name is Wang Fang. Wang Fang’s father is a farmer. He is a hard-working farmer.
Step 2 语法讲解
1：有关定语从句的几个概念
1）功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
2）位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后：Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.
3）先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词
4）关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
2：关系词的双重身份及其选用原则
1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分 。
|
先行词前指代先行词 |
关系词 |
定语从句后在从句中做句子成分 |
|
人 |
who |
主语(说明是“谁”) |
|
人 |
whom |
宾语(说明是“谁”) |
|
人 |
whose |
定语(说明是“谁的”) |
|
人 |
that |
主语 /宾语 |
|
物 |
which |
主语 /宾语 |
|
时间 |
when |
时间状语 |
|
原因 |
why |
原因状语 |
|
地点 |
where |
地点状语 |
|
人物/事件/句子 |
as |
主语/宾语/表语 |
3：熟记如下原则:
A：关系词必用which 的定语从句
1）在非限制性定语从句 2）在关系词前有介词时
3）当先行词本身是that时 4）当关系词离先行词较远时
B：当先行词指物时,宜用that
1）先行词被 ①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修饰时。
2）先行词被all\much\little\none\few\one\something\anything等不定代词修饰时。
3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
4）当主句中含疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me?
5）先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago。
C: who与that都可指人时，情况多用who作关系词 .
1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用 。
2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用 。
3） whom在从句中只作宾语，可被 取代。
4）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用 。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
D: whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。
Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?
Do you know Mr. Smith, the story of whom is very moving?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.（whose引导定从修饰room）
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
There is a room, and its window faces the river. (2并列句用and 连接)
1) She has two brothers, wives are doctors.
2) She has two brothers, and wives are doctors.
E：关系代词as,作主语、宾语和表语
先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。
1. Such books as you bought are useful.
2. The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.
注意：区别 ①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。
They are such lovely children that we love them much..
② the same … that … 引导定语从句。
I want to use the same tool that \as you used just now.
F: 关系副词when与where、why：when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which；
where指地点 = in / at / from / which；why指原因 = for which
1）I heard the reason___________ he gave .
2）I heard the reason ____________he was late .
3）Is this the factory __________ you visited yesterday？
4）Is this the factory ____________you worked before？
5）I will never forget the days_________we spent together__________we travelled in America.
Step3 定语从句练习：
1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2. Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
Step 4 高考链接
1. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. (2011全国卷I)
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
2. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. (11上海卷) A. which B. where C. when D. as
定语从句练习
一．定语从句的理解：
用来修饰名词或代词的词成为定语：
例如： a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red
能否再举出类似的例子_________________________
以上的定语都是单词或短语，如果定语是句子时，便成为定语从句。
I know the girl in red → I know the girl who is in red
(这样变化帮助理解，前者表示更简洁，所以一般我们会在无法用某个词汇或短语来修饰名词或代词时，我们选择定语从句来帮助)
I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) → （定语从句）
I know the girl who is in red.
找出被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就成为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是________________。 它就成为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当____________。
二．试一试：观察下列几组简单句，并试着写出定语从句。(后面附有定语从句中关系词的用法，先学习后，可以帮助)
I know the woman. The woman is come from France.
______________________________________________________________
He loves the dog. His mother bought the dog for him.
______________________________________________________________
This is the soldier. The soldier saved the boy’s life.
_____________________________________________________________
He was friendly to the stranger. He met the stranger in the street.
_____________________________________________________________
Lilly bought the book. The book’s cover is pink.
_______________________________________________________________
The boy studies hard. The boy’s father is a doctor.
_________________________________________________________________
This is the school. My mother works in the school.
_______________________________________________________________
I still remember that day. You left for Beijing on that day.
_______________________________________________________________
Could you explain the reason? You were late for the reason.
__________________________________________________________________
I will never forget the time. I spent the time with my grandparents.
________________________________________________________________
三：用适当的关系词填空：
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hang Zhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai, ______live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing, ____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.
18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.
19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. She loves playing soccer is very popular in the UK.
23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.
24. The park is a very quiet place you can have e rest.
25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.
四：高考题：
1.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other. （20山东卷） A. they B. where C. what D. that
2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years. （2011江西卷）
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
3. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （2011浙江卷）
A. when B. that C. where D. there
4. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. （2011福建卷）
A. which B. where C. what D. who
5. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （2011天津卷） A. when B. that C. where D. which
五：翻译：
1：我在实验高中读书。
2：我在实验高中读书，实验高中位于我们县城南部。（用定语从句）
3：我热爱中国古代哲学。
4：我热爱中国古代哲学，古代中国哲学很有意思。（用定语从句）
5：孔子是位伟大的哲学家，他影响了中国2000多年。
6：墨子是中国古代很有影响力的哲学家。
7：墨子是中国古代很有影响力的哲学家，他以穿着不修边幅和行为举止而文明。
定语从句练习二
1.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
2.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
3.Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. / B. why C. when D. what
5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _____ you can visit during the winter holidays.
A. where B. which C. what D. that
6.I’d like to tell you about the table manners __ you should know when you visit Korea.
A. which B. who C. what D. how
7.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
8.Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
9.Is ________ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school
C. this school one D. this school where
10.---What kind of music do you like?
---I like music ________ has great lyrics.
A. that B. what C. who D. whose
11.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
12.The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
13.The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it
14.That is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
15.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?
A. who B. whom C. which D. where
16.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
17.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. which
18.I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
A. that B. who C. how D. why
19.I hate people ________ talk much but do little.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
20.I am one of the boys ________never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk ________ would like to speak with you.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
22.I love the small village ________ I was born.
A. that B. which C. where D. whose
23.Here comes the girl ________ handwriting is the best in our class.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time.
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
25.The boy ___________ is watering the flowers is my cousin.
A. which B. what C. whom D. that
26.---Do you know everybody ________ came to the party?
---No, I don’t know the one________ you had a long talk with near the door.
A. who;/ B. whose; that
C. that; which D. /; whom
27. The boy________ won the first prize is called Roy.
A. when B. whom C. who D. which
28.Children like houses ________ are painted in different colours.
A. which B. they C. those D. what
29.Do you think most students prefer tests ________ have easy questions?
A. who B. where C. that D. it
30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ____ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.
A. where B. whose C. in which D. that
31. The number of people ___________ lost homes reached 250,000.
A. which B. who C. whom D. /
32. At last, the man handed everything ____________ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. whom C. whatever D. that
33. Everything ___________ he said is true.
A. that B. what . which who
34. He _________ plays with fire gets burned.
A. which B. who C. that D. what
35. This is the building in __________ he lives.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
36. There is nothing ___________ I can do for you.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
37. Mr Zhang is the doctor ____________ house is near ours.
A. who B. whose C. that D. /
38. Most of the students are afraid of the teachers _____________ strict with students.
A. who is B. that is C. which are D. who are
KEYS:
1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where
11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that
21.that 22 which 23.whose 24. where 25. whose 26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where
Keys:
1-5 DACAD
6-10 ADABA
11-15BABCA
16-20 ACACB
21-25 BCBBD
26-30ACACA
