强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能被对方恰当的理解，必须加强语气，突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色彩，这时就会用到强调。强调常见的表现形式如下：

 

一、强调句型

为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 表示强调的 it 在句子中作主句的主语；被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语；强调的主语如果是人，that和who都可用。如：

Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.          

强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.

强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.

强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.

强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.

另外，还要注意下面几点：

1）在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如：

It is I who am a teacher.

2）即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如：

It is they who often help me with my lessons.

3）在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when，where，why或 how ，而要用that 。如：

It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.

It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 

It was the house that the murder happened.

4）在强调not … until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is(was) not until ...that... 注意此时原句的not…until要变成not until ，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。如：

My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.

It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.

I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

5）原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…

6）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。如：

Did this happen in Beijing?

Was it in Beijing that this happened?

7）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“疑问词+is (was) it that...? " 如：

Where were you born?

Where was it that you were born?

8）强调句型容易和句型It is/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词It is (was) … that(who)… 去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整 的句子（这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法）。但后者的It is/was…that 是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉It is/was…that就不再完整：

It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.

    强调句型还容易跟It is/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚(显然, 真的, 肯定…)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 　　

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. 　　

That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.

9)强调句可以用作宾语从句。如：

He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.

I really can’t remember where it was that I first met the man.

10）强调句型可有如下变体：It is/was变成“情态动词+be”。如：

It may be my bike that he is riding.

It must have been the manager that spoke to you.

11）与疑问词连用构成特殊疑问句和感叹句。如：

Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the park yesterday?

Why is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?

What a beautiful picture it is that you have drawn!

12）被强调的名词或代词可带有一个定语从句。如：

Was it Bill, who plays football well, that helped the blind man cross the road?

It was in the school, where（or：in which） I once studied, that we hold a party.

Was it in the house, which we visited last year,  that the murder happened?

二、用助动词do或其变化形式does，did来强调句中谓语动词，用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气，译作“的确”，“一定”，“确实”。如：

He did send you a letter last week. 

We’re pleased that she does intend to come.

Do write to me when you get there．

三、用倒装句来加强语气。如：

Only in this way can we solve this problem．

Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 

Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.
In front of the farmhouse there sat a little boy.

四、用形容词, 副词或者否定词very, never, ever, even, still , single，simply, just ,only, too等来表示强调。如：

At that very monent he heard a cry for help.

I can't even remember the name of that old friend of mine.

Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon．

You are the only person here who can speak Chinese．

This is just what I wanted．

五、用what引导的名词性从句或wh-疑问词+ever构成的复合词引导的状语从句来强调从句中的主语，宾语或状语等。如：

What Mary does every day is to give piano lessons. 

Whenever you come to me, you can come right in.

六、反复使用同一个词来加强语气 ，可反复使用词的一般是动词， 副词，形容词和名词。如：

He worked (and) worked until late at night.

They walked for miles and miles．

I'll never, never forget you.

七、 用“at all”，“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等来加强疑问或否定语气。如：

Where in the world did you go just now ?

What on earth are you doing?

She's not in the least angry with me.

The clerk is not at all fit for the post.

八、用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感。如：

How interesting a story it is！

九、 用反身代词表示强调 。如：

I myself will see her off at the station．

You can do it well yourself．

十、用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：

It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work．

强调句型练习题

1. My bike is missing. I can't find ____ anywhere.     A. one    B. ones    C. it    D. that

 

2. —— Who's that？

____ Professor Li.       A. That's    B. It's    C. He's    D. This's

 

3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.    A. It         B. He    C. She    D. That

 

4. —— Have you ever seen a whale alive？

Yes, I've seen ____.     A. that    B. it      C. such    D. one

 

5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.    A. this    B. that    C. it    D. one 

 

6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.   A. It       B. There       C. Those     D. You

 

7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.    A. that    B. this    C. its    D. it

 

8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.    A. that    B. it      C. which    D. what

 

9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.     A. There was    B. There is    C. It was    D. It is

 

10. How long ____ to finish the work？     A. you'll take    B. you'll take it    C. will it take you     D. will take you

 

11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.    A. who    B. whom    C. how    D. that

 

12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.    A. where    B. that    C. in which    D. on which

 

13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.    A. which    B. when    C. as    D. that

 

14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave？   A. and    B. that    C. that's    D. so

 

15. Mary speaks in a low voice； ____ is difficult to know what she is saying. 

A. it    B. that    C. so    D. she

 

16. It was ____ I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.

A. many years that     B. many years before

C. many years ago that   D. many years when

17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.

A. It， all           B. It， that    C. There， who    D. There， that

 

18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.

A. shallow is the lake   B. the lake is shallow

C. shallow the lake is   D. is the lake shallow

参考答案

1~5 CBADB     6~10 ADADC     11~15 DBDBA     16~18 CBA